Transition Contour Synthesis with Dynamic Patch Transitions

In this article, we present a novel approach for modulating the shape of transitions between terrain materials to produce detailed and varied contours where blend resolution is limited. Whereas texture splatting and blend mapping add detail to transitions at the texel level, our approach addresses the broader shape of the transition by introducing intermittency and irregularity. Our results have proven that enriched detail of the blend contour can be achieved with a performance competitive to existing approaches without additional texture, geometry resources, or asset preprocessing. We achieve this by compositing blend masks on-the-fly with the subdivision of texture space into differently sized patches to produce irregular contours from minimal artistic input. Our approach is of particular importance for applications where GPU resources or artistic input is limited or impractical

Significance of carcinoembryonic antigen mRNA in peritoneal lavage determined by transcription–reverse transcription concerted method in patients with low rectal cancer

Summary: Background/Objective: Positive carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) messenger RNA (mRNA) in peritoneal lavage is associated with poor prognosis in patients with colon cancer. However, there are no reports about rectal cancer. Therefore we aimed to evaluate the frequency of positive CEA mRNA in peritoneal lavage and the significance of CEA mRNA in patients with low rectal cancer. Methods: A total of 55 patients with low rectal cancer who received curative surgical resection were enrolled. CEA mRNA in peritoneal lavage was measured using the transcription–reverse transcription concerted method, a quantitative RNA amplification method. The correlation between CEA mRNA and overall and peritoneal recurrence-free survival was evaluated. Results: Among 55 patients, 6 (10.9%) had positive CEA mRNA in peritoneal lavage. Patients with positive CEA mRNA resulted in significantly higher recurrence rate than those with negative CEA mRNA (p=0.007). Similarly, the local recurrence rate was significantly higher in the positive CEA mRNA group than in the negative CEA mRNA group (p=0.0009). Lymph node metastasis and positive CEA mRNA were independent risk factors for overall and local recurrence. Conclusion: Positive CEA mRNA in low rectal cancer is a factor that predisposes patients to a high risk for overall recurrence, especially for local recurrence. Keywords: carcinoembryonic antigen messenger RNA, low rectal cancer, micrometastasis, peritoneal lavage, transcription–reverse transcription concerted metho